chwerthin
Welsh
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈχwɛrθɨ̞n/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈχwɛrθɪn/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈhwɛrθɪn/, /ˈwɛrθɪn/
- Rhymes: -ɛrθɪn
Verb
chwerthin (first-person singular present chwarddaf or chwerthaf or chwerthinaf, not mutable)
- to laugh
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | chwarddaf | chwerddi | chwardd | chwarddwn | chwerddwch, chwarddwch | chwarddant | chwerddir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | chwarddwn | chwarddit | chwarddai | chwarddem | chwarddech | chwarddent | chwerddid | |
| preterite | chwerddais | chwerddaist | chwarddodd | chwarddasom | chwarddasoch | chwarddasant | chwarddwyd | |
| pluperfect | chwarddaswn | chwarddasit | chwarddasai | chwarddasem | chwarddasech | chwarddasent | chwarddasid, chwarddesid | |
| present subjunctive | chwarddwyf | chwerddych | chwarddo | chwarddom | chwarddoch | chwarddont | chwardder | |
| imperative | — | chwardd | chwardded | chwarddwn | chwerddwch, chwarddwch | chwarddent | chwardder | |
| verbal noun | chwerthin | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | chwarddedig chwarddadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | chwertha i, chwerthaf i | chwerthi di | chwerthith o/e/hi, chwerthiff e/hi | chwerthwn ni | chwerthwch chi | chwerthan nhw |
| conditional | chwerthwn i, chwerthswn i | chwerthet ti, chwerthset ti | chwerthai fo/fe/hi, chwerthsai fo/fe/hi | chwerthen ni, chwerthsen ni | chwerthech chi, chwerthsech chi | chwerthen nhw, chwerthsen nhw |
| preterite | chwerthais i, chwerthes i | chwerthaist ti, chwerthest ti | chwerthodd o/e/hi | chwerthon ni | chwerthoch chi | chwerthon nhw |
| imperative | — | chwertha | — | — | chwerthwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | chwerthina i, chwerthinaf i | chwerthini di | chwerthinith o/e/hi, chwerthiniff e/hi | chwerthinwn ni | chwerthinwch chi | chwerthinan nhw |
| conditional | chwerthinwn i, chwerthinswn i | chwerthinet ti, chwerthinset ti | chwerthinai fo/fe/hi, chwerthinsai fo/fe/hi | chwerthinen ni, chwerthinsen ni | chwerthinech chi, chwerthinsech chi | chwerthinen nhw, chwerthinsen nhw |
| preterite | chwerthinais i, chwerthines i | chwerthinaist ti, chwerthinest ti | chwerthinodd o/e/hi | chwerthinon ni | chwerthinoch chi | chwerthinon nhw |
| imperative | — | chwerthina | — | — | chwerthinwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “chwerthin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies